Description: This review seeks to identify the potential for using secondary and recycled aggregates, including inert construction and demolition (C&D) waste, in coastal and river engineering schemes. In response to concerns about the environmental consequences and long-term sustainability of the present rate of use of primary aggregates, guidance is offered on employing alternative materials and so reducing the impact of river and coastal construction on natural resources.

The book begins by reviewing the types of river and coastal engineering schemes that exist around the UK and the materials used in them. The various alternatives to primary aggregates available in the UK - such as secondary aggregates and recycled inert C&D waste - are described, along with some of the environmental and practical engineering issues that arise in their use. Guidelines on using these alternative materials are supported by numerous case studies. The book concludes with recommendations for future research and development, and a directory of suppliers and sources of further information.

Keywords: rivers and waterways, coastal and marine, sustainable construction, materials, sustainable resource use, recycling and reclaimed materials.

Contents: Summary, Acknowledgements, Glossary, Abbreviations, 1 Background and use of the book, 1.1 Background to the study, 1.2 Objectives and scope of study, 1.3 Layout of the book, project methodology, 2 Coastal and river engineering requirements, 2.1 Coastal engineering schemes, 2.2 River engineering schemes, 2.3 Summary of potential uses of alternative aggregates, 3 Materials availability and suitability, 3.1 Availability of recycled aggregates, Availability of secondary aggregates, Summary of availability of secondary aggregates, 3.4 Standards and specifications, 3.5 Suitability of construction and demolition wastes and secondary aggregates, 4 Overcoming the barriers, 4.1 Introduction, 4.2 Perceived quality and specifications of alternative materials, 4.3 Availability, transport and economics, 4.4 Environmental concerns, 4.5 Regulation, legislation and policies, 4.6 Perception of risks and liability, 4.7 Recommendations on overcoming barriers, 5 Conclusions and guidance, 5.1 Introduction, 5.2 Conclusions, 5.3 Guidance for coastal management planning and funding bodies, 5.4 Guidance for coastal engineers/consultants, 5.5 Guidance for regulatory and planning authorities, 5.6 Guidance for contractors, 5.7 Construction/demolition firms, 5.8 Recycling/demolition firms, 5.9 Marine/river specialists, 6 Future development and research needs, 6.1 Targets and incentives, 6.2 Trials and monitoring of selected applications, 6.3 Education and dissemination, Appendices - A1 Environment Agency maintenance and replacement costs for coastal and river defences 1999/2000, A2 Summary sheets covering secondary materials, A3 Case studies, A4 Part of Schedule 3 of SI 1994/1056 The Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994, A5 Barriers Workshop delegates, References, Further information

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